2 results
Prevalence of Healthcare-Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance in Rural Alberta Acute-Care Facilities
- Jennifer Ellison, Uma Chandran, Jennifer Happe, Ye Shen, Jayson Shurgold, Geoffrey Taylor, Kathryn Bush
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / October 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 November 2020, p. s76
- Print publication:
- October 2020
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- Article
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Background: Antibiotic-resistant organisms (AROs) are associated with greater disease severity and poor outcomes. Previous studies have investigated AROs and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) within larger urban acute-care settings, but similar data for rural settings are scarce. In this stud, we aimed to fill this gap. Methods: Data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR), additional precautions and HAI were collected from 8 rural Alberta acute-care facilities over a 24-hour period from February 4–28, 2019. Data were gathered as part of the national Canadian, Rural, and Northern Acute Care Point Prevalence (CNAPP) survey. All inpatients on included units were reviewed. CNAPP protocol surveillance definitions were used. Results: In total, 961 patients were surveyed, of whom 94 of 961 (9.8%) were on additional precautions. Contact precautions only were most common (54 of 94, 57.4%) and were predominantly in place for MRSA (30 of 94, 31.9%). Of 961 patients, 100 (~10%) met the surveillance definitions for any infection. The most common infections were skin and soft-tissue infections (29 of 100, 29.0%) and bloodstream infections (28 of 100, 28.0%). An HAI occurred in 30 of 961 patients (3.1%); the most common HAIs were surgical site infections (8 of 30, 26.7%) and urinary tract infections (8 of 30, 26.7%). An antimicrobial was prescribed to 333 of 961 patients (34.6%) at the time of the survey, with ceftriaxone the most commonly prescribed (68 of 333, 20.4%). Most patients receiving an antimicrobial (237 of 333, 71.2%) did not meet the surveillance definition for any infection. The most common reason for any antimicrobial administration was empiric therapy (167 of 333, 50.1%). Conclusions: Investigations into antimicrobial use and the burden of HAIs in rural acute-care settings have been limited. In this study, we (1) established provincial baseline data for burden of disease in these facilities due to HAIs and (2) demonstrated that antimicrobial use is common, though most patients who were prescribed an antimicrobial did not meet study definitions for infection. It will be important to continue this type of surveillance in this understudied population to monitor the burden of HAIs over time, to establish antimicrobial utilization trends, and to continue to identify potential antimicrobial stewardship initiatives.
Funding: None
Disclosures: None
Variability in Antimicrobial Use Among Hospitals Participating in the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program
- Wallis Rudnick, Linda Pelude, Michelle Science, Daniel J.G. Thirion, Jeannette Comeau, Bruce Dalton, Johan Delport, Rita Dhami, Joanne Embree, Yannick Émond, Gerald Evans, Charles Frenette, Susan Fryters, Greg German, Jennifer Grant, Jennifer Happe, Kevin Katz, Pamela Kibsey, Justin Kosar, Joanne Langley, Bonita E. Lee, Marie-Astrid Lefebvre, Jerome Leis, Susan McKenna, Allison McGeer, Heather Neville, Anada Silva, Andrew Simor, Kathryn Slayter, Kathryn Suh, Alena Tse-Chang, Karl Weiss, John Conly, CNISP PHAC
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / October 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 November 2020, p. s509
- Print publication:
- October 2020
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- Article
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- You have access Access
- Export citation
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Background: The association between antimicrobial use (AMU) and emergence of antimicrobial resistance is well documented. The Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP) has conducted sentinel surveillance of AMU at participating Canadian hospitals since 2009 resulting in the largest pan-Canadian hospital database of dispensed antimicrobials. Objectives: Describe interhospital variability of AMU across Canada. Methods: Hospitals submit annual AMU data based on patient days (PD). Antimicrobials were measured in defined daily doses (DDD) for adults using the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) system. The AMU data among pediatric patients have been available since 2017 using days of therapy (DOT). Surveillance includes systemic antibacterial agents (J01 ATC codes), oral metronidazole, and oral vancomycin. AMU was assessed using quintiles, interquartile ranges (IQR), and relative IQRs (upper- and lower-quartile values divided by the median). Results: Between 2009 and 2018, 20–26 hospitals participated in adult surveillance each year (35 teaching hospitals and 3 nonteaching hospitals participated in ≥1 year). Over this period, overall AMU decreased by 13% at participating adult hospitals from 645 to 560 DDD per 1,000 PD. AMU varied substantially between hospitals, but this variability decreased over time (Fig. 1). In 2009, the IQRs for overall AMU spanned 309 DDD per 1,000 PD, and in 2018 it spanned only 103 DDD per 1,000 PD. This decrease in variability was due to large decreases in use among hospitals with high use in 2009–2010. Among hospitals in the highest use quintile in 2009–2010, AMU decreased, on average, 44 DDD per 1,000 PD each year. Among hospitals in the lowest use quintile in 2009–2010, AMU increased, on average, 6 DDD per 1,000 PD each year. In 2018, antibiotics with the largest absolute IQR variability were cefazolin (61–113 DDD per 1,000 PD), piperacillin-tazobactam (32–64 DDD per 1,000 PD), and vancomycin (24–49 DDD per 1,000 PD). Among antibiotics with ≥1 DDD per 1,000 PD, antibiotics with the largest relative IQR variability were tobramycin (0.3–6 DDD per 1,000 PD), cefadroxil (0.08–9 DDD per 1,000 PD), and linezolid (0.2–3 DDD per 1,000 PD). In 2018, the IQR for overall pediatric AMU (n = 7 teaching hospitals) was 426–581 DOT per 1,000 PD. Antibiotics with the largest IQRs were vancomycin (0.6–58 DOT per 1,000 PD), cefazolin (33–88 DOT per 1,000 PD), and tobramycin (3–57 DOT per 1,000 PD). Among antibiotics with ≥1 DOT per 1,000 PD in 2018, antibiotics with the largest relative IQRs were tobramycin (3–57 DOT per 1,000 PD), cefuroxime (1–6 DOT per 1,000 PD), and amoxicillin (8–42 DOT per 1,000 PD). Conclusions: There is wide variation in overall antibiotic use across hospitals. Variation between AMU at adult hospitals has decreased between 2009 and 2018; in 2018, antibiotics with the largest IQRs were cefazolin and piperacillin-tazobactam. Benchmarking AMU is crucial for informing antimicrobial stewardship efforts.
Funding: CNISP is funded by the Public Health Agency of Canada.
Disclosures: Allison McGeer reports funds to her institution from Pfizer and Merck for projects for which she is the principal investigator. She also reports consulting fees from Sanofi-Pasteur, Sunovion, GSK, Pfizer, and Cidara.